Author: Cheryl Brooks

One of the most famous perched villages on the Riviera is St Paul de Vence.  It’s within easy reach of Nice for a lovely day out, and what’s more, it’s very near the location of one of the most outstanding art museums in France, the Fondation Maeght.  Not far from the Fondation Maeght is the village of Vence (not to be confused with St Paul de Vence!), in the hinterland of Nice, in the direction of Grasse.  This village is famous for being the location of the Chapelle du Rosaire (Chapel of the Rosary), decorated by Henri Matisse, and recognised as one of his most outstanding masterpieces.  Aside from the many enticing attractions in this part of the Riviera, the dramatic landscape alone is described by many as the highlight of their Riviera trip.

If a visitor to the Côte d’Azur knows the name of only one village in that region, it would likely be Saint Paul de Vence, one of the oldest medieval towns on the Riviera.  This beautiful, perched village is about 20 kms from Nice.  As well as driving, you can also catch the train from Nice Ville to Cagnes-sur-Mer and then a bus from there up to Le Taude bus stop in Saint Paul, all of which takes a little over 45 mins.  Alternatively, a Lignes d’Azur bus goes from Albert 1er Verdun stop in Nice to the airport and change there for another bus to Le Taude stop at Saint Paul.  This takes around an hour or so.  There’s also a tram that you can take from Jean Medecin stop in Nice to Grand Arenas Nice stop and change there for a bus up to Le Taude, Saint Paul.  Sounds complicated, but it’s actually quite simple. The public transport system is also very economical, and whichever you choose, it’ll cost from AUD$ 5 – $10, max.  All the modes of transport are very accustomed to visitors heading up to Saint Paul, so don’t hesitate to ask anyone, as well, of course, the Nice Tourist Office.  There’s also a Tourism Information Office at 2, rue Grande in Saint Paul.  Up until 2011 Saint Paul de Vence was officially known simply as Saint-Paul, and is usually still called that by locals and regular visitors to the area.

The medieval village is perched on top of a small elliptical hill surrounded by a high wall built in 1538 by Francois l Valois, King of France, who was on the throne from 1515 to 1547.  In the 2^nd half of the 19^th century, the village’s inhabitants had to buy the surrounding walls to protect them from destruction.

There’s a wonderful panoramic view of the whole area, and as the village lies just a few kilometres from the sea, you can see the coast between Cagnes-sur-Mer and Antibes, while to the north-west, you can see the snow-capped peaks of the Alpes Maritimes.  Given its location, it was an obvious location for erecting a fortress during the Middle Ages.  Many of the buildings of the village date back to those times as well as the 16^th and 17^th centuries.

The village itself is not so famous for its countless tourist attractions, as simply a great destination in itself.  Stroll along the main street, rue Grande, which leads from the entrance at the north gate (Porte de Vence) to the end of the village, where the cemetery is located just behind the southern gate.  Along the way, you’ll pass charming little galleries, shops, restaurants and many art studios.  One of the most photographed attractions is the impressive fountain in Place de la Grande Fontaine, which dates back to the Middle Ages.

At the highest point in the village there was once a château, but unfortunately, today only a small building is left in which the Hotel de Ville is located. Right next to it stands a church from the 14th century which was raised to collegiate status (Collégiale de la Conversion-de-Saint-Paul) in the 17th century. Nearby is the former Chapelle des Penitents Blancs (Chapel of the White Penitents) from the 17th century, which was restored and decorated at the beginning of the 21st century by the Belgian artist, Jean-Michel Folon. The Chapelle now carries his name.  Entry is about 4€.

Saint Paul has long been a mecca for artists who have been coming here since the 1920s, among them Picasso, Chagall, Dufy and Matisse. Chagall lived in Saint Paul for 19 years and is buried in the local cemetery. The village is well-known today for its modern and contemporary art museums and galleries, such as the outstanding Fondation Maeght nearby, and for the 17th century Saint Charles-Saint Claude chapel, which was decorated with murals by French artist Paul Conte in 2012-13.

For decades, the village has been a haven for the famous, mostly due to the hotel located in front of the walls, La Colombe d’Or, whose former guests included Jean-Paul Sartre and Pablo Picasso.  During the 1960s, the village was frequented by French actors Yves Montand, Simone Signoret and Lino Ventura, as well as poet Jacques Prévert.  Other famous faces that regularly visited St Paul included Greta Garbo, Sophia Loren and Catherine Deneuve.  American writer James Baldwin lived there for 17 years until his death in 1987, as did British actor Donald Pleasence until his death in 1995.  Bill Wyman of the Rolling Stones has a home there.  Both Chagall and the Maeghts, the couple who founded the nearby Fondation Maeght, are buried in the town cemetery.

Near Saint Paul de Vence is one of the great attractions of the Riviera for art lovers, the Fondation Maeght, dedicated to modern and contemporary art.  A private museum, it has one of the most famous collections in the world.  It’s 1.50 kms out of town, around a 10 min. pleasant walk, or take a bus from the village, which takes around 8 – 9 mins. or so.  If you decide to walk, take the Chemin Sainte-Claire to the Fondation, and along the way you’ll see 3 chapels and the Convent of the Dominican Sisters, not to mention the magnificent views of the village.

Some of the biggest names in 20^th century European sculpture, including Georges Braque, Joan Miró and Alberto Giacometti, came together to help create La Fondation Maeght, which has become the country’s most important art foundation, and is among the world’s leading cultural institutions.  It was established by Aimé and Marguerite Maeght, a visionary couple who were publishers and art dealers, and who represented, and were friends with, some of the most important artist of the era, including Braque, Miró and Giacometti, Alexander Calder, Fernand Leger, Marc Chagall, and many others.

The Fondation was opened on 26 July 1964 by legendary Culture Minister André Malraux, a close friend of the Maeghts.  It was France’s first private art institution and was modelled on American institutions such as the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, the Barnes Collection and the Phillips Collection, which the couple had visited during their frequent trips to the US in the 1950s.

The Maeghts went to Josep Lluis Sert, the Spanish architect from Barcelona, who was one of the most celebrated architects of his era. He had worked in Paris for Le Corbusier for a year in 1930 and again from 1937 – 39, designing the Spanish Republic’s pavilion at the Paris Exposition of 1937. He called on his close artist friends, Pablo Picasso, Alexander Calder and fellow Catalan Joan Miró, for the artistic content of the building. Picasso’s contribution was ‘Guernica’—now at the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid.

Sert’s design project for the Fondation Maeght in St Paul was more than an architect-client relationship, saying that they were partners in the discovery of modern art. Aimé Maeght had seen Sert’s vast and impressive studio he had designed for his friend Joan Miró, in Palma de Mallorca in the 1950s, and admired its sculpture-like architecture. He was convinced that the architect would be ideal for the creation of what was to be the first private foundation dedicated to the visual arts in Europe.

The Fondation’s collection includes works by many of the most important 20th century artists, including Jean Arp, Pierre Bonnard, Georges Braque, Alexander Calder, Marc Chagall, Sam Francis, Alberto Giacometti, Wassily Kandinsky, Ellsworth Kelly, Fernand Leger, Anne Madden and Joan Miró, among numerous others. The museum is now home to approx. 13,000 objects. It recently celebrated its 60th anniversary with a new expansion that added over 465 sq.m., without disturbing any of Sert’s original architecture.

The Fondation has an extensive reference library used by students, researchers, art historians and curators, as well as books produced by Aimé Maeght in collaboration with a number of the original artists whose work the Fondation displayed from its opening. There’s also a regular program of temporary exhibitions, dance events, concerts, films, workshops and theatrical performances.

We especially like the sculpture garden, which has a number of monumental works by Miro, Calder, Braque. Barbara Hepworth and others, that sit well in the landscape.  Also check out the courtyards, terraces and patios for many other works, such as the Miró Labyrinth, Braque pool, and the Giacometti Courtyard—and don’t forget to visit the shop, which has a great range of posters, reproductions, fashion and accessories, books, catalogues, stationery and gifts.  After all that, and before setting off for your next destination, you’ll need some refreshment.  In the shade of the Aleppo pines is the café-restaurant, Sous les Pins, which is also open for dinner during July and August, offering gourmet cuisine.  The restaurant is a branch of Les Agitateurs in Nice, which has a one star Michelin rating.  The Fondation is open every day from 10.00am.

From Fondation Maeght across to Vence is less than 6 kms., which takes around 12 mins. by car or by bus, but you need to walk to Cagnes-sur-Mer, to bus stop Les Fumerates, which takes around 9 mins. and then it’s an 8 min. bus ride to Vence.  From 1^st July to 30 Sept. there is a “Maeght-Matisse” navette (shuttle bus), which runs from Tuesday to Saturday, 5 times a day.  Its route is from the Fondation Maeght, to Saint-Paul de Vence, Grand Jardin, then across to the Matisse’s Chapelle du Rosaire in Vence.  Easy.

The village of Vence was originally a Roman town called Vintium, of which some vestiges and inscriptions still exist, an important bishopric from 439 up to the French Revolution, and the fiefdom of the Villeneuve family in the Middle Ages.  It is surrounded by its 13^th century walls, and within the walls you will see numerous monuments and buildings, including medieval houses, that have been well preserved.  Five entry gates still remain, 2 from the 13^th century, 2 from the 15^th century, and one from the 18^th century.  This last one was built so that the bishop of Vence, Monseigneur Pisani de la Gaude, could arrive directly at his palace’s door without having to get out of his carriage.

There are around 20 fountains, one of which, the Fontaine du Peyra, is a classified historic monument.  Every year, during the month of May, the fountains are honoured with floral decorations and a musical parade as part of the “Fête des Fontaines.”  The historic centre, with its narrow streets, its medieval and Renaissance houses, and various squares, has not changed over the centuries.  In the middle stands the very pretty Romanesque cathedral dating from the 11^th century, and the Saint Accolade Tower, built in the 12^th century.

The cathedral houses the marble sarcophagus of St Veran, the bishop of Vence dating from the 6^th century and which serves as the altar.  You can also admire a beautiful 16^th century altarpiece, copper busts, an ensemble of statues in coloured timbers, and a mosaic by Marc Chagall.  Today, Vence is relatively small, compared to the more famous Saint Paul de Vence, and has retained the charm of a Provençal village.

There are daily markets at Place du Grand Jardin selling fresh, local produce with a range that varies from fresh fruit and vegetables to pastries, local honey, and beautiful flowers. On Tuesdays at Place Marechal Juin the market there focuses on fashion and accessories, such as beach bags and cotton scarves, in typical Provencal prints and warm, Mediterranean colours. Wednesday is the day for antiques, brocantes, and 2nd hand books. On Fridays you can visit both Place du Grand Jardin and Place Marechal Juin for a clothing, accessories and food, and Saturday is food market day, with organic and locally produced products.

However, the main reason most people visit Vence is the Chapelle du Rosaire. From 1948 to 1951, Matisse drew the plans of the building and all the details of the decoration: stained glass ceramics, stalls and religious iconography. For first-time visitors, it sometimes comes as a surprise to see how small, and some think, unprepossessing, but many more see also how elegantly simple the Chapel is.

It’s an interesting story how the whole project came about. In 1941, Matisse, who lived most of the year in Nice, develop cancer and underwent surgery. During his long recovery, he was particularly helped by a young part-time nurse Monique Bourgeois, who had answered his advertisement seeking “a young and pretty nurse.” Matisse asked her to pose for him, which she did for several drawings and paintings. In 1943, Monique entered the Dominican convent in Vence, and became Sister Jacques-Marie. Matisse eventually bought a house at Vence, not far from the convent and moved there from Nice in 1943 to escape the threat of wartime bombardment. Sister Jacques-Marie visited him and told him of the plans the Dominicans had to build a chapel beside the girls’ high school which they operated in Venice. She asked Matisse if he would help with the design of the chapel, which he readily agreed to do.

Helped by Father Marie-Alain Couturier in close collaboration with architect August Perret and master glazier Paul Bony, Matisse started working on the project at the age of 77. He spent more than 4 years working on the chapel, its architecture, stained-glass windows, interior murals and ceramics, liturgical furnishings and the priests’ vestments. Matisse and Sister Jacques-Marie remained lifelong friends.

The chapel is built on a hillside and is entered by descending a flight of stairs.  The building is an L shape, 15m long x 6m wide.  The shorter section was for the nuns who lived and taught at the school, while the longer, larger segment is for the students and townspeople.  The altar is situated in the centre of the space and facing the two naves.

The white walls, floor and the ceiling contrast with the stained glass windows, which each day allow the daylight to penetrate through.  The stained glass windows are composed of 3 colours:  yellow (the light of the sun and of God), green (nature) and blue (the Mediterranean sky).  Three large paintings, engraved on white ceramic, decorate the walls of the chapel.  Only the reflection of the stained glass windows project colour on the 3 compositions on the walls: Saint Dominique, The Virgin Mary and Child, and the Stations of the Cross.

A gallery, exhibiting the initial plans of the chapel, as well as the chasubles designed by Matisse, is open in the north wing of the chapel of the Rosaire.  The Chapel is open to the public Monday – Thursday, and Saturday.  It’s closed on Friday and Sunday, although visitors are welcome to attend Mass on Sundays at 10.00am.  Check though with the Nice Tourist Office that this information is still correct.

“This work has taken me four years of exclusive and diligent work, and it is the result of my entire working life.  Despite all its imperfections, I consider it to be my masterpiece.”  Henri Matisse.

“I started with the secular, and now in the evening of my life, I naturally end with the divine.”  Henri Matisse.

There are so many wonderful attractions along the Riviera, and using Nice as a base for a few days, it’s easy to explore many of them.  Those here are just a couple of examples.

There are so many great attractions to explore along the Riviera, and we’ve looked at just a few of these in the last couple of blog stories.  The department of the Alpes-Maritimes is characterised by a profusion of artistic and cultural institutions—there are said to be more than 62 museums and foundations which bear witness to the attraction for so many artists during the 20^th century to the light and environment of the Côte d’Azur.  Here we’ll look at a couple more outstanding art museums and sights that can be easily done as day trips from Nice.  We love to visit these when we can while in the neighbourhood, as they offer art works we enjoy in this beautiful environment.  Even getting to these is a visual delight, either along the coast or up into the hills, where you can see hilltops crowned with villages and beautiful villas.

At Cagnes-sur-Mer, a little over 13 kms from Nice heading towards Cannes, is the house museum of one of the country’s most beloved artists, Auguste Renoir.  The painter discovered Cagnes-sur-Mer in 1903 on his way to Italy.  In 1907 he bought the Domaine des Collettes, a large property of several hectares, with beautiful gardens composed of centuries-old olive trees plus a grove of orange trees, typical Mediterranean plants and an uninterrupted view of the sea.

As the existing small farmhouse wasn’t suitable for the artist and his family, he built a large neo-Provençal style house which also had two artist’s studios.  Surrounded by his family, consisting of his wife Aline and his 3 children Claude, Jean and Pierre, he never left the Riviera.  He painted and sculpted there for 11 years until his death on 03 December 1919 at the age of 78.  During his life there, the villa became a lively place of intellectual, artistic, cultural and social life, where he received friends such as other great artists of his day including Henri Matisse, Claude Monet, Auguste Rodin, Amedeo Modigliani and Pablo Picasso, to name a few.

On his death, the property was left to Renoir’s son Claude, who lived there until 1960.  It was also the location of a movie, ‘Picnic on the Grass’, a film directed by his son Jean.  In 1960, the town of Cagnes-sur-Mer bought the property in order to establish a museum, where today visitors can discover the living environment that was home to the artist for some of the most productive and happy years of his life.  It was here that he approached sculpture for the first time, although he became increasingly frail with severe rheumatoid arthritis that badly affected his hands, necessitating the help of an assistant for various tasks.  However, Renoir never stopped painting.  Rather than slowing him down, under the threat of total paralysis, he redoubled his activity and painted frenetically until his last day.  The house has many personal mementos, and the park and gardens have exhibition spaces and sculptures, in a haven of peace and calm.

The house itself has 15 paintings that retrace the major themes beloved by Renoir, such as ‘The Bathers’ and ‘The Caryatids’ which represent the nude figure, ‘Coco Lisant’ and ‘Madame Pichon’ show the painter’s great talent for portraiture, while the paintings ‘La Ferme’, ‘Paysage aux Collettes’ and ‘La Vallée de la Cagne’ and ‘Le Baou de Saint Jeannet’ show the inspiration that the French Riviera provided for the artist’s landscapes.  Visitors can admire such works as the bronzes of two portraits of Claude, or the bust of Aline destined for his wife’s grave.  Various nudes are also presented, such as the ‘Judgement of Paris’ and ‘Venus Victrix’.

Note that the museum is closed on Tuesdays.  To get there by bus from Nice, take the no. 620, 622 or 650, which depart from Parc Phoenix, the ride taking around 30 mins.  Get off at the Gare Routiere (bus station), which is right across from the railway station, or take the train from Nice.  From here during the summer there’s  free shuttle from the bus station every 45 mins., otherwise, take bus no. 49 which takes you right to the museum.  Check additional info. at the Nice Tourist Office.

If, like us, you’re a fan of the works of Fernand Léger, the museum devoted to his works on the Riviera is a must-see.  It’s located in Biot, a little under 20 kms from the heart of Nice, heading towards Antibes.  The easiest way to get there from Nice is by train to Biot station, then the so-called Envibus no. 10 or no. 21  to the stop ‘Musée Fernand Léger’.  The bus stop is about 5 mins. from the train station.  The museum is closed on Tuesdays.

This is the only museum in the world dedicated to the works of this major 20^th century artist, who lived and worked in Biot.  A few months before his death in 1955, Léger bought a villa, the Mas Saint Andre, located at the foot of the village of Biot on unused agricultural land.  His widow, Nadia and Georges Bauquier, his great friend and collaborator, decided to create a museum to pay homage to him and promote knowledge of his work.

The museum was opened in May 1960, and was donated to the State in 1969 and included the building, the garden and nearly 350 works representative of the artist’s career.  Léger was influenced by the neo-impressionist movement at the turn of the 20^th century before discovering Cezanne and then the Cubists from 1907.  From 1913, his theory of the contrast of forms and colours was embodied in a powerful aesthetic, contemporary to his times.  It became a national museum, and in 1987, it was enlarged with a new wing that doubled its exhibition area.  The building is notable for its monumental decoration of 400 m2 of glass mosaic tiles laid by well-known artists of the day, who took the design motifs from an unfinished project by Léger for a stadium in Hanover.  In the entrance hall, the monumental stained glass window of 9 m2 was also taken from a drawing by Léger, and made by master glassmakers in Lausanne.

The museum underwent a renovation in 2004, resulting in the opening of the west façade with a bay window, which restored transparency to the entrance hall and revealing a view of the park with its Mediterranean plants.  The garden is a very pleasant, shaded parkland and offers multiple viewpoints to admire the mosaics that cover the façades of the building.  Note that the museum is closed on Tuesdays.

Further along the coast in the direction of Cannes is Antibes where you’ll find the incredible Picasso Museum in the Old Town right on the sea front, in the beautiful Château Grimaldi.  This was built upon the foundations of the ancient Greek town of Antipolis, which became a Roman castrum and later, a Medieval bishopric.  It was then owned until 1608 by the Grimaldi family, giving the Château its name, and from 1792 during the Revolution it was seized and turned into the local Hotel de Ville until the Bourbon Restoration when it was transformed into a barracks in 1820, before finally being taken over by military engineers until 1924.

In 1946 Picasso spent a very happy year in Antibes using the 2^nd floor of the château as his workshop, and at the end of that year gave several important works to the city, including 44 drawings and 23 paintings, among them some of his most famous works.  During this time, Picasso worked with a reduced palette of only 12 colours, using only the paint he could buy at the local hardware store—the same paint that the fishermen used for their boats!

September 1947 saw the official inauguration of the Picasso room on the 1^st floor, accompanied by a first hanging of the Antibes works.  A year later an exhibition confirmed the addition of 78 important ceramics made at the Madoura workshop in nearby Vallauris.  In September 1949, on the occasion of the inauguration of the ‘French Tapestries’ exhibition, new rooms dedicated to Picasso’s paintings, ceramics and drawings were opened to the public.  In December 1966, the city of Antibes once again paid tribute to Pablo Picasso:  the Château Grimaldi officially became the Picasso Museum, the first in the world to be dedicated to the artist.  Finally, in 1991, the Jacqueline Picasso donation further enriched the Picasso collection.

A number of other artists’ works are on display in the Picasso Museum, including Nicolas de Stael, Modigliani, Picabia and Calder, as well as sculptures by Germaine Richier, Joan Miro and others.  The Regional Acquisition Fund for Museums and the Association of Friends of the Picasso Museum actively raise funds to acquire other artists’ works such as Jaume Plensa’s 10m high ‘Nomade’, installed on the Museum’s terrace in 2010

Getting there from Nice is easy.  Just take the train from Nice Ville and alight at Gare d’Antibes, which takes around 25 – 30 mins.  The station is about 1 km from the Museum, which you can easily walk, or take a local bus to Porte Marine.  There is a bus from Nice, the no. 200 or 620, but it is very slow, taking well over an hour.  Ask the Nice Tourist Office for details.  Note:  the Museum is closed on Mondays.

Antibes is famous for its thriving superyacht port, Port Vauban.  With around 1,500 berths, it’s the largest marina in Europe.  The Billionaires Quay is one of the rare quays where yachts larger than 100m can moor.  On a small peninsula you can see the majestic 16^th century Fort Carré looming 26m above the sea.  Port Vauban separates Fort Carré from Old Antibes.

Antibes itself is well worth exploring.  Surrounded by its ramparts built by Vauban in 1698, Old Antibes is especially fascinating.  From Porte Marine, take the Rampe des Saleurs and head off in almost any direction to wander through the alleys, observing the hidden details on the façades and doors, the scent of flowers, enjoy a drink in a sun-soaked footpath café, or cool off with a locally made ice-cream.  In due course, you’ll reach the Cathedral de Notre Dame de Platea and the steps of the Château Grimaldi.  If you’ve not done so already, head up the stairs and take in the view from the top.

Not far from the Picasso Museum in Cours Massena the Marché Provençal takes place every morning (except Mondays during winter).  Regarded as one of the best in the region, this covered market offers a wonderful and diverse range of local produce, including spices (I always buy a couple of things here), cheeses, flowers, fruit and vegetables, olive oils, jams, and locally made charcuterie.

Antibes also has a Foire (flea) market in various locations scattered around, as well as a Brocante (2^nd hand) market also in various locations, depending on the day of the week.  There’s also an Artisan crafts market, held in the covered market in Cours Massena during summer in the afternoons from 3.00pm, when the produce market has finished for the day.

Antibes is famous for its thriving superyacht port, Port Vauban.  With around 1,500 berths, it’s the largest marina in Europe,  the Billionaires Quay.   Port Vauban separates Fort Carré from Old Antibes.

The Riviera has such a lot to offer the visitor, aside from the expected glamour hot-spots, and from Nice it’s easy to reach many of the great sights by the excellent public transport if you don’t have a car.  We prefer not to be there in the height of summer, as it’s not just the heat, but the crowds that can make exploring something of a challenge.  Choose your timing, and you’re sure to want to return and see more of the attractions that one visit simply can’t take in!

Nice has a wealth of sights and attractions, and we looked at some of them in the previous story.  The enormous number of museums, galleries and great attractions in Nice and its immediate vicinity showcase everything from art to archaeological artefacts to Provençal perched villages.  It’s a challenge to just restrict yourself to a few sights to take in during one visit, but that means there are plenty left on your list to draw you back for a future visit.  Whether you’re interested in arts and culture or history, you can find it all in and around Nice.  Even after many visits over some decades, we still discover new things to see.

Probably the best-known art museum in Nice is the Musée Matisse.  This lovely museum has an extensive collection of paintings, drawings, sculptures and photographs of, and by, Henri Matisse.  The artist and his heirs donated many works to the museum, most of which were created when Matisse moved to Nice in 1917, and where he died in 1954.  It’s now home to 68 paintings and gouaches, more than 200 drawings, over 200 prints, 57 sculptures and about 100 photographs.  As well, there are around 200 personal objects of the artist, including ceramics, stained glass and documents.

Although it’s not right in the heart of the city, the Musée Matisse is easy to get to.  The Nice bus network is terrific.  Bus no. 5, as well as a number of others, go up to Cimiez, the district where this museum is located, next to the Archaeological Museum of Nice-Cimiez (these shared the same building until 1989).  Note that the museum is also close to the beautiful Cimiez Monastery, where Matisse is buried.  The Museum is closed on Tuesdays.

Not far from the Musée Matisse is the Musée National Marc Chagall, on Avenue du Docteur Menard.  Take the same no. 5 bus, and like numerous others such as the Musée Matisse, it’s closed on Tuesdays.  We’re huge fans of Chagall, and this museum bears witness to the great diversity of the painter’s works, including 12 paintings, and 105 engravings, their copperplates illustrating the biblical message from the books of the Old Testament series of 1966.

The collection includes paintings, drawings, prints, sculptures, ceramics as well as stained glass, tapestries and mosaics, which constitute a unique body of work where Chagall’s technical virtuosity, colourful inventiveness, together with his universal message of peace, are combined.  The museum’s architect, André Hermant, had formerly worked with Le Corbusier, and was himself a member of the UAM, the French Union of Modern Artists.

Located next to Place Garibaldi, just outside the Old Town, is the Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art (MAMAC).  Inaugurated in 1990, this museum is a veritable treasure trove of art spanning from the 1950s to the present day, exploring areas such as European New Realism, the American expression of assemblage art, and Pop Art.  The collection has around 1,400 works by 370 artists. Such artists include Christo, Yves Klein, Baldaccini, Deschamps, among other notables.  The American Pop art collection includes works by Lichtenstein, Rosenquist and Andy Warhol.

The building itself is quite a landmark, and some say it’s the most imposing and iconic work of art at MAMAC.  Designed by two architects, Yves Bayard and Henri Vidal, its monumental, distinctive shape, described as a tetrapod, straddles the course of the Paillon river, which now runs beneath the city’s main open plazas.  The architecture of the building was inspired by neo-classicism rules, and its façades are covered with smooth, white Carrara marble.  As well as their permanent collections, the museum often has very good temporary exhibitions, for example, from June until November 2024 the show is ‘Leger And The New Realism’.  Entry is free.

The Musée Masséna is located in a prestigious late 19^th century mansion at 65 rue de France, just behind the Negresco Hotel on the Promenade des Anglais.  The villa was built by Victor Masséna, Prince of Essling and Duke of Rivoli in 1898.  It’s said that the villa’s design was inspired by the Villa Rothschild in Cannes, but also the large Italian neo-classical villas that were becoming quite numerous along the Riviera at that time.  It was transformed into an art museum in 1921 after Andre Masséna, Victor’s son, sold the villa to the city of Nice in 1919.  The museum retraces the cultural and artistic influence of the French Riviera, or Côte d’Azur, from the annexation of Nice to France until the Belle Epoque.

In a sumptuous setting, adorned with period furniture and decorative objects ranging from the Second Empire to the eve of WWl, it houses watercolours, oil paintings, engravings, sculpture, bronzes and posters.  Two historically interesting exhibits are the death mask of Napoleon made by his doctor, and Josephine’s golden tiara, set with pearls, coloured gemstones and mother-of-pearl.  Throughout your visit, you can explore the grand gallery, the library, dining room, grand salon and former reception rooms of the villa.  The villa has regular temporary exhibitions, so worth checking either online or at the Nice Tourist Office.

Musée des Beaux-Arts Jules Chéret (Fine Arts Museum) is housed in an elegant Italian Renaissance-inspired villa at 33 Ave. des Baumettes, which is a couple of blocks to the west of the Negresco on bus no. 38, stop: Chéret Museum, or it’s a 4-5 min. walk from stop Universitaire Méditerranée on the direct tram line no. 2 that runs from the city to the airport —ask the Tourist Office to mark these for you on a map.

It has a remarkable collection spanning the history of art from the 16^th to 20^th centuries.  In 1928 the museum occupied the former mansion built by a Ukrainian princess who was the wife of a private adviser to Tsar Alexander ll.  It was later purchased by James Thompson, a wealthy American entomologist.  Works include Impressionist and Post-Impressionist artists, Raoul Dufy (a great favourite of ours), Jules Chéret and Pierre Bonnard, among others.  Note that it’s closed on Mondays.

A couple of our favourite art museums and galleries aren’t right in Nice itself, such as the Villa and Gardens Ephrussi de Rothschild and Villa Kérylos, both of which I mentioned in the last story.

The Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild is located at Saint-Jean-Cap Ferrat, between Nice and Monaco, overlooking the Mediterranean.  This magnificent, grand villa is surrounded by nine themed gardens: French, Spanish, Florentine, Japanese, a stone garden, an exotic garden, a rose garden and a Provençal garden.  The villa and gardens were created by Baroness Béatrice Ephrussi, who was born a Rothschild and had married Maurice Ephrussi, a Parisian banker of Russian origin 15 years her senior, in 1883.  She and Maurice divorced in 1904 mostly due to Maurice’s profligate lifestyle and compulsive gambling.

After the divorce, Béatrice turned her attention to one of her great passions: collecting art.  She acquired a Tiepolo ceiling, 18^th century furniture, a games table that had once belonged to Marie Antoinette, and a rug commissioned by Louis XIV.  When her father died in 1905, she inherited his immense fortune.  That same year, she decided to build her dream home in Cap Ferrat.

Work on the gardens began immediately and took 7 years to complete. The site chosen for the Villa was not particularly conducive to the creation of a garden due to poor soil on a rocky promontory exposed to strong winds.  After rejecting plans from a couple of famous architects of the day, she finally chose Jacques-Marcel Auburtin as her architect for the Villa.  She moved into it in 1912 and divided her time between Paris, Monaco and the Villa.

Béatrice made her Villa a haven for her art collections, with paintings by great masters, exquisite porcelain and furniture.  It was the best of everything, if a rather eclectic mix.  She died in Davos, Switzerland in 1934 from tuberculosis, and bequeathed her Villa and the entirety of its collection, which included over 5,000 works of art, and the 7 hectares of land, to the Académie des Beaux-Arts.

The area of St Jean-Cap Ferrat has long been renowned as a wealthy enclave of the rich and famous.  On the other side of the Cap Ferrat peninsula, about 850m away from Villa Ephrussi-Rothschild, is a magnificent piece of architecture painted in a vibrant shade of pink, La Fleur Du Cap.  This was built in 1880 as Villa Socoglio by the son of an arms dealer.  This villa had many famous occupants, starting with the Duchess of Marlborough, the cousin by marriage of Winston Churchill, then Leopold lll, king of the Belgians, and after him, the great British actor, David Niven—the Villa’s location is now named Place David Niven.  Charlie Chaplin once stayed for a week, and Grace Kelly and her husband Prince Ranier of Monaco, were also known to dine there often with their great friend Niven.

Barely 2 kms from Villa Ephrussi-Rothschild is the Villa Kérylos, right on the point of Beaulieu-sur-Mer.  The no. 15 bus from Villa Ephrussi-Rothschild (or vice-versa) will take you there in about 10 mins.  These buses run at around 8 min. intervals.  Or you can walk between the two villas.

You could easily make a whole day out of visiting this part of the Riviera.  There is a coastal path that connects the two small ports of Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat and Beaulieu-sur-Mer.  It’s part of the 14 kms of coastal path around the Saint-Jean-Cap Ferrat peninsula, and goes past David Niven Square after about 1.4 kms from the start, along Promenade Maurice Rouvier, an easy walk, taking around 15 mins.  However, it is more direct to walk from Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild to La Fleur du Cap, then on to Villa Kérylos.  Ask at the Nice Tourist Office for details of all the wonderful walks in this area.

Villa Kérylos was designed and constructed between 1902 and 1908, as a collaboration between the archaeologist Theodore Reinarch and Emmanuel Pontremoli, an architect who had won the Grand Prix de Rome in 1890.  The idea was to create an original work combining ancient luxury and modern comfort typical of the houses of the Belle Epoque.  Reinach bequeathed the Villa Kérylos and its collections to the Institut de France before his death in 1928.

The villa is much more than a reproduction of a Hellenistic period villa, it’s a true “reinvention” of Ancient Greece, and just makes one want to travel to Greece immediately!  The materials used for its construction were carefully selected from antique stuccoes, Carrara marbles, and exotic timbers for the furniture.  In the various rooms the mosaics and frescoes depict classical gods and heroes and important moments in Greek myth and history.

Wall frescoes show the dispute of the lyre between Apollo, the god of the sun and protector of the arts, and Hermes, the messenger of the gods and protector of travellers; the death of Talos; the return of Apollo to the sanctuary of Delphi; the return of Hephaestus, the god of fire, forging and volcanoes, to Olympus Pelops, after whom the Peloponnese is named, and other mythical legends.  There is a fine library specialising in archaeology as well as various objects.  The upper floors reproduce various ancient, traditional functions as well as bedrooms for the owners, and display numerous fine antique objects d’art.  The whole atmosphere is of a luxurious antique villa.

The view from the garden is magnificent, stretching as far as the Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat peninsula and its beautiful residences.  The planting consists of olive trees, vines, pomegranate trees and oleanders, which thrive under the Riviera sun.  The Villa Kérylos is open all year round although its opening times vary seasonally, so check with the Nice Tourist Office or go online to the villa’s own website.  Entry fee is currently 13 Euros.  As mentioned in the previous story, you can buy a combined ticket for the Villa Kérylos and Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild for 24 Euros.

After visiting Villa Kérylos, consider heading to one of the most spectacular sights on the Riviera coast, the perched village of Èze, often described as an “eagle’s nest”.  Take the no. 83 bus from Villa Kérylos, (the stop is simply called ‘Kérylos’).  This bus starts at Baie des Formis at Beaulieu-sur-Mer, and goes past Villa Kérylos, and then takes you to Èze—the ride takes around 25 mins.  From Èze it’s easy to take a bus direct back to Nice.  Alternatively, out of Nice, take the no. 82 from Nice’s Vauban bus station, or perhaps more conveniently, Nice Boyer Station, to Èze village in about 30 mins.—the Tourist Office can show you stops in Nice that might be more convenient than going all the way up to the bus station.  Don’t catch the no. 100, which goes to Èze sur Mer, unless you fancy a hike up the mountainside to the perched village.  Èze’s bus stop is an easy walk to the medieval centre.

If you’re interested in gardens, the village has a well-regarded garden of tropical plants, the Jardin Exotique, you can visit.  Established at the end of WW2, it was set out on the site of the ruins of a medieval fortress, perched 430 m. above the Mediterranean, so the views are breathtaking.  The small village was founded around 2000 BCE, and a treasure trove of ancient Greek silver bowls dating from the 3^rd century BC were found in Èze in the late 19^th century.  The Phoenicians had also occupied the site and erected a temple to the goddess Isis.  The area was subsequently occupied by not only the Romans but also the Moors, who held the area for about 80 years until they were driven out by William of Provence in 973 CE.

Today, Èze is famous for its beauty and charm, with many shops, art galleries, small hotels, restaurants that attract visitors and honeymooners, and a lovely Sunday morning market that showcases an array of local produce and handmade crafts.  As a result, Èze has been dubbed by some a village-musée.  Èze is one of 13 villages grouped together by the Communauté d’agglomération de Nice-Côte d’Azur tourist department as the Route des Villages.  Ask at the Nice Tourist Office for more info. on the rest of the group, and also ask about the French Riviera Passes for entry to a number of museums, galleries and the Èze Jardin Exotique.

As I hope I’ve shown, Nice and its surrounds have a lot to offer the visitor, and I’ll save up more of these for the next story.  Let me know if you’ve got any specific queries about this region, and I’d be delighted to try and help with some suggestions.